When Congress passed the Coast Guard Act on January 28, 1915, it fundamentally reshaped how the United States approached maritime safety and law enforcement. The legislation was a direct answer to growing calls for a unified response to emergencies at sea and more streamlined enforcement of maritime regulations. Up until that point, two distinct agencies had shared these responsibilities: the Revenue Cutter Service handled customs enforcement along with search and rescue duties, while the Life-Saving Service was dedicated solely to rescuing people in peril on the water. By folding both organizations into one — the United States Coast Guard — the act gave rise to a far more cohesive body focused on safeguarding American waters, keeping navigation safe, and responding to crises at sea. This consolidation represented a turning point for U.S. maritime policy, laying the groundwork for an enduring tradition of maritime law enforcement and humanitarian service.

What was in the Coast Guard Act?

Some of the key provisions of the Coast Guard Act were:

  • Creation of the Coast Guard: The act combined the two services into a single entity, the United States Coast Guard, under the Department of the Treasury.
  • Duties and Responsibilities: The new service inherited the missions of its predecessors, including law enforcement to combat smuggling and enforce customs laws, search and rescue operations to save shipwrecked mariners and passengers, and maintaining navigational aids to ensure safe navigation along U.S. coastlines.

Significance of the Merger

World War I and II: During both of these major conflicts, the Coast Guard proved itself as a formidable force. Transferred to the Department of the Navy, it took on convoy escort missions, participated in amphibious operations, and contributed to coastal defense — showcasing both its military readiness and its deep commitment to national security.

  • Post-War Developments: In 1939, the Coast Guard absorbed the Lighthouse Service, expanding its responsibilities to maintain navigational aids and other services.
  • Modern Era: The Coast Guard moved to the Department of Transportation in 1967, and in 2003, it officially became part of the Department of Homeland Security, reflecting its role in national security and emergency response.

The Coast Guard carries on its mission today with steadfast resolve, living by its motto "Semper Paratus" ("Always Ready") — a phrase that captures its ongoing devotion to protecting the nation's waterways and preserving human life.