February 17, 1972, stands out as a landmark day in British political history — the day Parliament gave its approval for the United Kingdom to join the European Communities, pushing forward the cause of European integration. After years marked by disagreements and unsuccessful bids to forge closer ties with the European Economic Community (EEC), later known as the European Union (EU), this pivotal vote fundamentally reshaped the UK's connection to the rest of Europe.
The UK's first attempt to enter the EEC came in 1961, but French President Charles de Gaulle stood in the way, concerned about the nation's close relationships with America and its Commonwealth partners. Meanwhile, West Germany was steadily building its economic strength, and the UK found itself grappling with tough economic conditions — prompting a serious reassessment of its strategic direction. When de Gaulle passed away in 1970, the path toward EEC membership suddenly became much clearer for the UK.
Westminster Parliament took up the question of European Community membership in 1971, voting in favor by a margin of 356 to 244. Then, on February 17, 1972, Parliament passed the crucial measure to enter the European Communities in a much tighter contest — 309 in support versus 301 opposed. With this key vote secured, the UK officially became a member of the EEC on January 1, 1973.
Membership in the European Communities opened the door for the UK to build deeper economic partnerships across Europe. A 1975 referendum put the question directly to the public, and 67% voted in favor of remaining in the European Communities. Yet the UK's relationship with the EU remained a source of tension over the years, ultimately boiling over in the 2016 Brexit vote — a momentous occasion when citizens decided to leave the European Union.
What British voters set in motion in 1972 went far beyond a simple parliamentary vote — it was a defining moment that would shape the country's economic and political direction for decades. This decision laid the groundwork for sweeping developments in the UK's relationship with Europe, representing a genuine turning point in the nation's history.